Reuters described the blast as a suicide attack, saying 24 people were killed and more than 40 others wounded in the explosion.
Acting Interior Ministry spokesman Najib Danish said the car bomb hit a bus carrying employees of the ministry of mines during rush hour.
No one has so far claimed responsibility for the attack.
The blast hit an area near the house of the deputy government chief executive, Mohammad Mohaqiq, according to Press TV.
The Dehbori neighborhood has recently been hit by several attacks, one of which killed at least four people, including a senior leader of the Hazara community, last month.
Exactly one year ago, a massive bomb blast killed at least 80 people, most of them Shia Hazaras, as they were holding a rally to demand better life conditions.
That attack was the first claimed by the Takfiri Daesh group against the Shia community in the heart of Kabul.